![]() The aims of this study were to compare the subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses at the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites, to determine the influence of sex and BMI on subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses, and to determine the most suitable site for IM injection in not only Koreans but also Asian-Pacific populations. Therefore, suitable IM injection sites and techniques such as the size of syringes should be targeted for such groups. Previous studies reported that subcutaneous fat thickness and BMI are also related to sex and population groups. Studies have shown that subcutaneous fat thickness and BMI are important factors in selecting the IM injection site and size of the needle. Physical characteristics such as the patient’s sex, subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses, body mass index (BMI), body shape, nurse’s skills, and the size of syringes and needles appear to be influencing factors. Unsuccessful IM injections are mostly the result of injection into fat, not muscle, or those causing nerve damage. Several studies have been conducted to define the factors that influence successful IM injection outcomes. Newly graduated nurses and health provider feel be confused when injecting gluteal intramuscularly due to this difference. Nevertheless, in hospitals, only the dorsogluteal region used for IM injection in Korea until now. Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education has suggested to learn both the ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal regions as the IM injection site in the gluteal region. However, the ventrogluteal site is claimed to be preferable to the dorsogluteal site. There has been much controversy as to which of these two IM injection sites is more successful or safer. It is injected via the V space created between the second and third fingers as described above. The ventrogluteal site is called the “V method” and is located using some bony landmarks such as the greater trochanter, anterior superior iliac spine, and the iliac crest. The dorsogluteal site is known as the “traditional” site for IM injection into the posterior gluteal region and is located in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteal region. IM injections to the gluteal region usually use two regions: dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal. Īccording to the World Health Organization (WHO), 16 billion injections administered every year and approximately 90% among them are given into intramuscular or subcutaneous or intradermal. The gluteal region, one of three IM injection sites, is a frequent target of IM injection for high volumes because it comprises three large muscle groups. IM injection sites usually use the deltoid, gluteal muscles, and vastus lateralis. Intramuscular (IM) injections are usually used to administer high-viscosity or large-volume medications and long-term injections such as biological agents, hormones, corticosteroids, and antibiotics. It will also be necessary to consider expanding these findings to other ethnic groups in the Asia–Pacific region and then also education in universities and health providers on selecting the intramuscular gluteal injection site. Also, it is suggested that nurses should use the traditional intramuscular injection method. These were found that the success rate of injection in the dorsogluteal region was higher than in the ventrogluteal region, especially when classed as obese. In obese cadavers, the injected gelatin core was located in the subcutaneous layer (average 109.0 percentile), and in the muscle layer (average 78.9 percentile) in the dorsogluteal region. In a one-way analysis of variance, total length and muscle thickness had significant difference according to the BMI category. No variables showed statistically significant differences between the two gluteal injection sites according to sex. Seven variables were measured at both gluteal injection sites and analyzed relative to sex and the BMI. Eleven fresh cadavers were injected with colored gelatin using syringes at the two gluteal injection sites. The ultimate purpose of this study is to suggest the most suitable intramuscular injection site among the ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal regions. This study was aimed to compare the subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses at the two gluteal injection sites and to determine the influence of sex and body mass index (BMI) on fat and muscle thicknesses. However, the safe intramuscular injection sites have been controversy in this region. The gluteal region is a frequent target for injecting high volumes.
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